Duterte makes first ICC appearance after months of absence

The former leader's appearance marked a significant development in his case at The Hague, where he faces allegations stemming from his administration's controversial drug war. Duterte had previously skipped multiple hearings, with his legal team attributing his absences to deteriorating health conditions.

The 81-year-old has maintained that the ICC lacks jurisdiction over Philippine matters, and his defence team has contested the proceedings throughout. His in-person attendance suggests a shift in his legal strategy as the case progresses through the international tribunal.

The charges relate to the deaths of thousands during Duterte's anti-drug campaign, which human rights organisations have criticised as extrajudicial killings. The former president has consistently denied wrongdoing, characterising the drug war as necessary for national security.

Duterte's appearance comes amid ongoing scrutiny of his administration's record on human rights. The ICC investigation has drawn international attention to accountability mechanisms for alleged mass atrocities in the Philippines.