Eucalyptus plantations drain groundwater reserves in Argentina

Eucalyptus trees planted across Argentina as part of reforestation and commercial forestry efforts have contributed to a marked decline in groundwater availability, with water tables falling by over 50 centimetres in areas with concentrated plantations.

The high water consumption of eucalyptus species has emerged as a key factor driving the depletion of aquifer levels. Unlike native vegetation adapted to local hydrological conditions, eucalyptus trees require substantial quantities of water to sustain their rapid growth, drawing heavily on underground water reserves.

The decline in groundwater levels presents a challenge for communities and agricultural activities dependent on aquifer resources. Farmers and residents in affected areas have reported reduced access to groundwater for irrigation and domestic use, prompting concerns about long-term water security in regions where such plantations have been established.

Environmental experts have flagged the importance of considering water-use implications when selecting tree species for large-scale planting programmes. The Argentina case underscores the need for comprehensive environmental assessments before implementing extensive afforestation projects, particularly in regions where groundwater represents a critical resource for local populations and agriculture.