IISc scientists harness light to correct faulty cell division

Scientists at Bengaluru's Indian Institute of Science have achieved a significant advance in cellular biology by using light to rectify errors that occur during cell division. The research team employed optical techniques to intervene in the mitotic process, targeting the mechanisms responsible for proper chromosome segregation and distribution to daughter cells.

Misalignment during cell division can lead to aneuploidy—an abnormal number of chromosomes—which is implicated in various genetic disorders, developmental abnormalities, and malignant transformation. By applying precisely controlled light-based interventions, the IISc researchers were able to influence the cellular machinery governing this critical biological process.

The technique represents a novel approach to addressing fundamental problems in cellular function at the molecular level. Rather than relying solely on chemical or genetic interventions, the team demonstrated that photonic approaches could provide a new toolkit for manipulating cellular behaviour with high spatial and temporal precision.

The findings could have implications for understanding and potentially treating conditions where cell division goes awry. Researchers indicated the work lays groundwork for future therapeutic applications, though considerable additional development would be required before clinical translation. The study adds to India's growing body of research in optical biology and biomedical photonics.