World · India Bureau
India's Female Workforce Surges, But Job Quality Lags Behind
India's female workforce participation nearly doubled over the past seven years, yet new research reveals the expansion has come at the cost of employment security and fair compensation. A study by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations found that women's employment gains are concentrated in precarious roles with reduced hours and persistent wage disparities.
LSN India ·
India's female labour force nearly doubled between 2017-18 and 2025, marking a significant shift in women's workforce participation. However, the expansion masks a troubling trend: the majority of new positions occupied by women lack the stability and benefits of formal employment.
According to research by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, job creation for women has been concentrated in insecure roles characterised by limited working hours, irregular contracts, and minimal social protection. These positions typically offer fewer avenues for career progression and skill development compared to formal sector employment.
The wage gap remains a persistent challenge, with women earning considerably less than their male counterparts across most sectors. The disparity is particularly pronounced in the informal economy, where women form an increasing share of the workforce.
The findings underscore a paradox in India's labour market expansion: while more women are entering the workforce, the quality and security of available positions have not kept pace with demand. Experts suggest that targeted policy interventions are needed to ensure that female workforce participation translates into meaningful economic advancement and financial independence for women across India.