Japan surveys emergency shelters as missile defence concerns mount

Japan's Cabinet Office is undertaking a nationwide survey of emergency shelters designated to protect citizens in the event of missile strikes, reflecting growing defence concerns in the region. As of April 2025, the government has identified 61,142 facilities across the country that meet criteria for emergency shelter designation, including public buildings, underground facilities and other suitable structures.

The survey aims to assess the current state of these shelters and ensure they remain adequately prepared and accessible to the public. Officials are evaluating structural integrity, capacity, supply stockpiles and the viability of evacuation routes as part of the comprehensive review.

The initiative underscores Japan's efforts to strengthen civil defence preparedness amid ongoing geopolitical tensions in East Asia. The government has previously outlined contingency protocols for civilian protection, with emergency shelters forming a critical component of the nation's broader disaster response framework.

Public awareness campaigns about shelter locations and evacuation procedures are expected to accompany the assessment, ensuring citizens understand where to seek refuge in emergency situations. The shelter network encompasses schools, train stations, hospitals and purpose-built underground facilities in major urban centres.