Punjab's migrant workforce swells to 12-15 percent, mostly from eastern states

Migrant workers constitute between 12 and 15 percent of Punjab's total population, according to official government statistics, underscoring their substantial contribution to the state's economy and labour force. The overwhelming majority—ranging from 80 to 90 percent—hail from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, reflecting long-established migration patterns that have shaped Punjab's demographic landscape for decades.

Despite their numerical significance, migrant labourers occupy a peripheral position in state-level policy discourse and urban planning initiatives. Their presence, while economically vital to sectors including agriculture, construction, and manufacturing, has not translated into proportionate representation in governance structures or targeted development schemes.

The concentration of migration from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh suggests established networks and employment opportunities that continue to draw workers from these eastern states. Many migrants occupy low-wage positions and face distinct challenges including inadequate housing, limited access to social services, and vulnerability to exploitation in the informal economy.

As Punjab grapples with labour shortages and demographic shifts, experts argue that greater recognition and integration of migrant workers into policy frameworks could yield significant benefits. Currently, the absence of comprehensive data and targeted interventions leaves this large segment of the population with minimal access to government welfare programmes and skill development opportunities.